The Kuleshov effect is a film editing
(montage) effect demonstrated by Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and
the 1920s. It is a mental phenomenon by which viewers derive more meaning from
the interaction of two sequential shots than from a single shot in isolation. Kuleshov used the
experiment to indicate the usefulness and effectiveness of film editing. The implication is that viewers brought their own emotional reactions to
this sequence of images, and then moreover attributed those reactions to the
actor, investing his impassive face with their own feelings. Kuleshov believed this, along with
montage, had to be the basis of cinema as an independent art form. Here are some of the most famous examples below that show how one frame can completely alter the meaning of the surrounding frames.
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